Effects Of Crisis On Human Functioning - Crisis Intervention Strategi

Question: Discuss about theCrisis Intervention. Answer: Introduction: A crisis is a condition in which a person experiences an abrupt loss of ability to use problem solving and life skills. There are some events that can be considered crisis situations. These events include life-threatening conditions such as sexual assault, natural disasters, medical illnesses, criminal victimization, thoughts of suicide and changes in relationships. Geral Caplan defined crisis as an obstacle that cannot be overcome by the use of standard problem-solving methods (Kanel, 2015). That said, crisis intervention is a method that is used to give a short term instant help to people who are experiencing distressful events that lead to emotional, physical, mental and behavioral problems. Mostly, crisis affects everyone, and its intervention can be done in many ways including the following: Use of professional counseling, providing family help and support strategies (Blalock, 2014). These policies aim at assisting the client to manage crisis which may otherwise lead to behavior al, psychological and physiological effects of trauma on the person and the environment. Effects of Crisis on Human Functioning Crisis is associated with the disruption of human behavior and how an individual perceives and respond to a situation. According to Murphy et al., (2012) the consequences of the crisis on human functioning are classified as either immediate or long term. The immediate effects of the crisis are devastating. Such effects include the development of stressful conditions that contributes to the inability of an individual to make decisions, failure to act normally and lack the capacity to sustain life. That said, the fear of the unknown may deter a person in a crisis from asking support from other individuals and colleagues. Also, illness may set in due to changes in the eating and sleeping patterns (Jongsma, 2012). Depression that develops due to a crisis may also lead to suicidal thoughts and withdrawal. If not managed early, the stress-related crisis may become severe and consequently result in long-term impacts such as poor life decisions, avoidance of relationship, insomnia, chronic p hysical pain, lack of self-confidence as well as eating disorders. Basic Crisis Intervention Strategies According to Myer and James (2005), there are nine crisis intervention strategies. To begin with, the skills for listening and responding to clients are considered the backbone of these strategies. Notably, use of these strategies depends heavily on the context of events. Such plans include creating awareness to make the client familiar with the repressed and denied feelings, behaviors, and thoughts that have put them on the action. Secondly, giving clients the opportunity to vent thoughts and feeling is considered one of the best therapeutic strategies for use in a crisis situation. This remedy is achieved by giving the client a safe and an accepting environment; an indication of an acceptance of the clients feelings and thoughts. In the third strategy providing support to the client is the point of focus (James, Gilliland 2012). Also, it is important to validate the clients response to her situation. Consequently, this process should avoid an impression that the caregiver supports lethal or injurious behaviors. In the fourth strategy, increasing the expansion by engaging the client in actions which may help them expand how they view the situation is the priority. In this way, the clients can reconsider their problems and obtain a different view of the situation. The fifth strategy involves emphasizing focus to prevent the client from talking about many issues in their life which are irrelevant to the current situation. Again, the provision of direction is vital in this situation. It is widely accepted that the clients in crisis need guidance and direction. Through this, you empower the client by giving them the information they did not have before. The next strategy involves promotion of mobilization which the caregiver attempts to organize the clients personal resources and to apply external support systems to help in developing coping skills. The implementing order is the eighth and equally a critical strategy. In this case, the client is assisted to categorize problems to help deal with the crisis in a logical and systematic manner. Finally, provision of protection is a key strategy in the dealing with an emergency situation. The role of the worker, in this case, is to prevent the client from developing harmful, detrimental, destructive and unsafe feelings that may harm others (James, 2008). The Seven Tasks Hybrid Crisis Intervention Model In the process of crisis intervention, seven critical stages are used to master, resolve and to stabilize the crisis. According to Myer, James Moulton (2010) these steps in crisis intervention include contract initiation, crisis definition, giving support, exploring alternatives, developing an action plan, obtaining commitments and doing a follow-up. The individual steps involved in the seven task hybrid system of crisis intervention are outlined as below: Contact initiation; in a crisis, building a rapport with the client is very essential. It is the first part in crisis management. It should be done as quickly as possible to allow the caregiver to develop a relationship with the person in a crisis. It also helps establish an effective mode of communication with the client. In this process, the worker develops a good understanding of the situation and creates clients needs. Importantly, the patients safety and lethality are assessed at this stage. A quick and extensive biophysical assessment is also done to identify the stressors, substance use, medications, medical issues and the current management strategies. In case there is a concern on suitability, it is important to find out what thoughts might the reasons behind these feelings; find out on the intention, how advance is the intention, current plans, past attempts to commit suicide as well as other predisposing factors such as social isolation, employment problems, divorce and us e of drugs of abuse. Problem identification; when finding out what the details about the problem, a discussion is initiated to determine the clients feeling about their situation hence helping the worker develop a more understanding of the crisis. Establishing the needs of the client and the level of effect from the crisis also takes place at this stage. In the course of problem identification, many questions are asked to find out why the crisis happened, what other problems the client is undergoing. Again, problem identification is also necessary as it helps the worker to categorize the problems and determine which one to start with. Giving support; it is important to act on the crisis as soon as possible, giving support to the client involves providing social, psychological, logistical as well as support for information about the crisis. In this process the client is given a chance to talk, to listen and to be heard. Their feelings should be understood hence determining their needs and providing the best support. To achieve this, active listening, as well as other skills such as reflective listening and paraphrasing, is vital Exploring alternatives; developing options that can help improve the situation in a better way is one an important step in the management of a crisis. The worker and the client reach an agreement on better methods of improving the condition. This process involves brainstorming sessions on possibilities of using the solutions used to solve the situation in the past. Other alternative needs of the client such as therapy, medication treatment resource and need to join support groups are assessed. Action plan; an action plan is an essential process in ensuring that the corrective actions are implemented, and the recurrence of the problem is prevented. It involves a transition from crisis to a resolution. Assisting the client through the crisis helps in faster recovery. It also imparts in them life skills on how to overcome a similar situation in future. Commitment; commitment to solving the crisis is vital in crisis management. The client needs to commit on their willingness to embrace the provided support. This puts the client in a better position to cope with the situation. Follow up; monitoring the effectiveness of the proposed action should be done promptly. It helps keep live communication with the client to help identify and address clients challenges before they worsen. Follow-up can be done in many ways; a post-crisis evaluation assesses the clients current situation, progress and how satisfied the client is with management. Either personal visits or phone calls at a particular interval (Myer, James Moulton, 2010). Analysis of the Seven Task Hybrid Model The seven stages are sequential, and they overlap in the process of resolving a crisis. The tasks are done in numerical order beginning from the first to the last job. Also, this task can be done in order that depends on the status of the crisis. The primary objective is to do a cause analysis leading to effective management of the problem and developing a sustainability plan to prevent recurrence of the similar crisis. In the hybrid model, the assessment of the situation and the status of the client is a continuous process that runs through the entire duration of the crisis period. In the process, the psychologist spearheads a continuous risk assessment with emphasis on how the client responds to the crisis and the environment. The hybrid model is characterized with rational evaluation and decision making. This assessment focuses on the challenges that the client face as a result of the severity of the crisis. This model allows for a detailed interaction with the patient to understa nd clients situation including psychosocial status, support systems, coping skills and alternative methods (Myer, James Moulton, 2010). Notably, in this model, the emphasis is put on urgency, assertiveness, intentionally, complete assessment, and acting in a systematic way to assist the client to obtain pre-crisis equilibrium autonomy and mobility as quick as possible. In the process of identifying clients state, the antonyms; disequilibrium and immobility are use in many cases to explain clients state. Though the hybrid equilibrium model has been used for a while, its implementation has faced particular problems, one major problem faced is related to the fact that crisis is linear. In many cases, crisis intervention is associated with chaos theory in which resolving the crisis using the progressive linear plan is not easily done. As a result, the combined linear model with the systems model (Mayer, James Moulton, 2011), the hybrid model is a better method for crisis intervention. Also, the strict linear model needs to have each step discrete and sequential from one step to another while using certain techniques in every step; crisis intervention is characterized by unexpected issues which challenge the discrete and stepwise techniques. Conclusion Summing up, crisis intervention models exist in many versions. All patterns in crisis intervention are guided by a particular theory. The models used in crisis intervention take into consideration problem-solving processes which can be used to do an assessment on any crisis (James, 2013). The Seven Tasks of Assessment model of crisis intervention is used to evaluate clients in crisis. The model provides a support technique which helps client to determine and manage crisis situations. In this model, it is important for the person in crisis to cooperate and participate to ensure the success of the process. References Blalock, D. (2014).SCPHCA Conference. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://www.scphca.org/media/92733/crisis_intervention__and_debriefing_-blalock.pdf James, R. (2008). Crisis intervention strategies 6 th edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson. James, R. K., Gilliland, B. E. (2012).Crisis intervention strategies(7th ed.). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=E2sKf-sexZwCpg=PA51lpg=PA51dq=hybrid model must be by Myer, James and Moultonsource=blots=_nd5k0u5Lssig=O5rHIm8FLi9UBYmajuB1L3gqX4Ehl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=hybrid model must be by Myer, James and Moultonf=false Jongsma, A. E. (2012).The crisis counseling and traumatic events treatment planner(2nd ed.). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=TsPwQeV_sS8Cpg=PA72lpg=PA72dq=Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton,source=blots=q2VvrDuMi6sig=HQekHvcUXXginrU_xLJ1lTAPydYhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton,f=false Kanel, K. (2015).A guide to crisis intervention(4th ed.). Retrieved August 29, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=enlr=id=oVM8AwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR5dq=Crisis interventionots=gqpuAFBk8ysig=7P6TNLUyZ5xnjbwVFx36VFJD89Aredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Crisis intervention=false Murphy, S., Irving, C. B., Adams, C. E., Driver, R. (2012). Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001087.pub4 Myer, R.A. James, R.K. (2005). Crisis intervention workbook and CD-ROM. Belmont, CA: ThomsonBrooks/Cole. Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton, P. (2010). This is Not a Fire Drill; crisis Inter-Vention and prevention on college campus Hoboken, NJ; John Wiley sons doi: 10.1002/9781118269909